Césio 137: revisão integrativa do biomonitoramento genético de pessoas expostas à radiação ionizante no acidente radiológico de Goiânia, no período de 1988 a 2021

Abstract

Considered as a serious radiological accident, categorized as level 5 on the INES scale (International Nuclear Event Scale), the accidental rupture of the radioactive capsule of Cesium-137 in the radiological accident in the city of Goiânia in 1987, where people were directly exposed and indirectly to the radioactive material, so a monitoring of the physical, psychological and biological health of these people started immediately after the event. Knowing that the ionizing radiation according to the dosage received by the exposed individual has important effects at the cellular level and that significantly impact the DNA. The objective of this work was to carry out an integrative review of the data of the genetic monitoring of the population exposed to ionizing radiation of Cesium-137 in Goiânia. The methodology was an integrative literature review of articles published between 1988 and 2020, using the descriptors DECs / MESH: Accident, Brazil, and Cesium; through the PubMed, Scopus and Lilacs databases. The analysis of the 26 selected articles allowed the identification of the main researchers and their countries, the journals that published these studies, the main biomarkers and techniques used in the observation of the potential of ionizing radiation for DNA damage and other cellular anomalies, at the somatic and germinative. We conclude the importance of the biomonitoring of the Goiás population exposed to ionizing radiation by cesium 137, with the production of studies that demonstrated that acute and chronic effects can impact human genetic health.