Avaliação do conhecimento e intervenção na dor em neonato de uma equipe multiprofissional da UTI neonatal em um hospital universitário do centro-oeste do Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the newborn's inability to verbalize, therefore, the analysis of pain in this population is a challenge, even greater since to detect this situation, careful and detailed observation of physiological and behavioral changes is necessary. General objective: To analyze the knowledge of a multiprofessional team of the neonatal ICU of a University Hospital in the Midwest of Brazil, in relation to the evaluation and intervention of pain in the neonate. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach carried out with professionals from the multiprofessional team who work in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a university hospital in Goiânia Goiás. Data collection was carried out with a validated questionnaire, the analysis was performed with the Bioestat 5.3 software using descriptive statistics with calculations of means, medians, range of variation and standard deviation of the data, a significance level of 5% was adopted (p < 0.05). Results and Discussion: The results showed that among the 64 professionals, (37.5%) were nursing technicians, (25%) nurses, (18.8%) physicians and (10.9%) physiotherapists, with age mean was the same for 38.8 years (± 9.2). All participants can identify when the neonate feels pain, and (64.1%) consider pain assessment important and (60.9%) use the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Pain is evaluated by (90.6%) during the verification of vital signs, however, the fact that (35.9%) are unaware that the unit has an analgesia protocol is worrisome. The most painful procedures were: arterial puncture/blood collection (84%), venous puncture (61%) and chest drainage (47%). The most cited pharmacological measures were: morphine (95%), dipyrone (95%) and fentanyl (91%). The most cited nonpharmacological methods were non-nutritive sucking (97%), lighting reduction (63%) and noise reduction (61%). In general, professionals with longer experience in neonatology have more knowledge about neonatal pain assessment tools. Conclusion: Professionals who provide direct care in the NICU know how to identify pain in neonates and use nonpharmacological measures and interventions as primary treatment, however, specific pain assessment protocols must be adopted, as well as moments and exchanges of experiences between the multiprofessional team