Avaliação da sustentabilidade do setor sucroenergético no Estado de Goiás

Abstract

The sugarcane area in Goiás is concentrated in the southern region of the state, especially in the micro-regions of the Southwest, which include Quirinópolis, Meia Ponte and Vale do Rio dos Bois. Thus, the expansion of the Cerrado sugarcane monoculture area in Goiás encompasses a paradigm of mobility shaped by the circulation of goods, capital and workers. In view of this, the direction of expansion is the same as the agricultural frontier of the Cerrado in the 1970s, and the direct and indirect environmental impacts of this expansion were not properly considered on a more detailed scale. On the other hand, without adequate regulation and planning, the expansion of sugarcane cultivation in the state can have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, water resources, and environmental and ecosystem services. The objective was to gather data to analyze the expansion of culture in the State of Goiás, analyze the impacts caused by the productive chain and evaluate the sustainability of the sector in the state. In the methodology used, data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Union of the Sugarcane and Bioenergy Industry and Mauro Borges Institute of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies, from 1980 to 2020, to understand how the process took place. expansion of sugarcane cultivation in the State of Goiás. It was observed that the process was optimized in the mid-2000s. Together, a bibliographical review was also used in scientific articles, theses, dissertations, manuals and government documents that address the subject of expansion and the impacts caused by the cultivation of the crop, since the sugar-energy sector causes impacts both in the economic, social and environmental spheres. It appears that the sugarcane culture has an impact on the country's economy, as it has a large agroindustry in all regions of Brazil, generating direct and indirect jobs. Therefore, it is important to map the impacts that the sector affects in the socioeconomic and environmental spheres, since the sugarcane production system and its processing are quite complex and comprehensive due to the long and diversified occupation of the existing Brazilian territory. To make sugarcane cultivation sustainable, medium and longterm planning is necessary. For this reason, it is essential to think about the technological development model used by the sector. As a result of this discussion, two methods were used to assess the sustainability of the sector in the State resulting in the creation of a scenario of sustainability of production and expansion. The first method, the Sustainability Barometer, assesses the sustainability of crop expansion in the state, through sustainability indicators. And the second method, "Sustenta-Cana Method" developed by Cardoso (2013) evaluates the sustainability of the sector's production system in the environmental, agricultural/industrial, social, products/by-products, technological and political dimensions. The results showed that the sugar-energy sector in Goiás walks along the lines of sustainability, obtaining positive balances in both applied methods, both in the expansion of the culture and in the productive system