ENSINO DE ESTATÍSTICA: UMA PROPOSTA FUNDAMENTADA NA TEORIA DO ENSINO DESENVOLVIMENTAL.

Abstract

The low performance of Brazilian students in learning mathematics, in general, has been shown in national and international assessments. Particularly in high school, and specifically in descriptive statistics, identifies the need for changes in teaching practices that, in turn, are requiring theoretical and methodological contributions that can boost student learning. The theory of developmental education, VV Davydov (1988, 1999), focuses on the learning of scientific concepts as a means to foster the development of students and to promote changes in their modes of action in social life by using these concepts. Considered the contribution of this theory, the present study sought to elucidate the question: what changes might be introduced in the teaching of descriptive statistics from the contributions of this theory? The overall objective was to propose the organization of teaching descriptive statistics based on the theory of developmental education. For this, two steps were taken: a) Literature review covering the period 2000-2013, including scientific journals in the areas of Education and Mathematics Education, which provide access to full text electronic form; b) logical-historical analysis of the concept of statistical concepts and measures of central tendency and dispersion measures, based on the principles of the theory of developmental education, and in order to identify its nuclear aspect as a basis for organizing the teaching of statistics in education average. The results show that in high school, to introduce change in the way of organizing the teaching of descriptive statistics based on the theory of developmental education, you must have as its starting point the core concept, which in this research were the relations of counting. From the relations of counting can be formulated a conceptual model of other relationships involving measures of central tendency and dispersion measures. We conclude that the theory of developmental education provides the following contributions: characterization as a basis for the teaching of descriptive statistics, the reflection of the concepts as fundamental relationships that form, providing opportunities to students an investigative thought; allow the teacher teaching associate descriptive statistics to the motives of students to their learning; allow the learner ownership of the method of thought itself descriptive statistics from the logical-historical understanding of construction of each concept.