EDUCAÇÃO E SUBJETIVIDADE UMA LEITURA DE FOUCAULT

Abstract

This is a study of the relation between subjectivity and education according to Foucault s perception of the modern subject. It is a bibliographical research, whose principal theoretical reference is the History of Sexuality. Firstly, the life and work of Foucault are contextualized and his shifting theory is analyzed to make a study of his Archeology, Genealogy and the formation of subjectivities possible. In his final phase, the French philosopher tries to find out how knowledge about sexuality can be produced and why it is the object of such great questioning. It can be seen that the repressive hypothesis is not a form of the manifestation of power in sexuality, but a certain need to confess desires and pleasures, all this science around sex. The modern subject is subjected by disciplinary power, and as a whole by the bio-power. In order to understand how a person becomes a moral subject, Foucault goes back to the Greeks who cultivated a morality not based on the cold rigidity of rules but where the subject is formed in an autonomous and free manner. Despite the greater sexual freedom in antiquity there was an intense questioning of pleasures which led the free adult to submit themselves to their techniques and thus give style to their own lives with the aim of guaranteeing their role of citizen. They thus developed dietetics, economics and erotics. If pederasty was accepted and even appreciated in Ancient Greece, it was in this field that the greatest moral questioning arose. In relation to the erotics then current, Plato found a different solution by substituting the question of the youth s honor with truth and with this the political gives way to the rational. Plato inaugurated a tradition which still exists, in which what is at stake is the truth and not political relations, the ars erotica gives way to a scientia sexualis . Both the centrality of truth and modern thought will constitute the subject and education is a tool of this formation of subjectivity.