APRENDIZAGEM DA EQUAÇÃO DO 2º GRAU UMA ANÁLISE DA UTILIZAÇÃO DA TEORIA DO ENSINO DESENVOLVIMENTAL

Abstract

The mathematics has if outstanding as the discipline that the students consider difficult to learn, they refer not to like, they present low acting in the learning. Beyond of those, several they are the factors that interfere in learning. To present research it privileged the form of the organization of the teaching of an algebra content as factor to improve the students' learning, starting from the following subjects: That way can be to organize the algebra teaching for the students to reach better learning? Would the developmental teaching be a possibility to help to improve the learning of equation of the second degree completes? What contradictions would mark the materialization of that type of organization of the teaching? Being based mainly in the theories of Vygotsky, Davydov and Leontiev, they were also considered ideas of theoretical their followers. The objectives of the research were: - to analyze the practical application of the organization of the teaching of a content of the algebra, according to the theory of the developmental teaching, for the students to reach the learning; - to analyze the results of the students' learning with that type of teaching organization; - to identify the contradictions that show in the materialization of that type of teaching organization. The qualitative research, that it consisted of a didactic-formative experiment in agreement with the presuppositions of Davydov (1988). Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews and instruments of evaluation of the learning. The subjects of the research were the mathematics teacher and the 19 students of a 9th year-old group, of a public school. The analysis of the data showed that most of the students demonstrated better learning of the content, however some didn't obtain her. In the researched context, important contradictions were revealed that you/they interfered in the use in that way of teaching organization: - own sociocultural factors linked the subjects affect the institutional context of the learning; - the place of the learning activity in the students' life; - the logical and historical analysis of the content. The main contribution of this research consisted of showing that it is possible, for the developmental teaching, that the students learn in a more effective way a content of the algebra, particularly of the equation of the second degree it completes, but the teacher be assist to the contradictions that involve his/her accomplishment. It is believed that their results are useful also to all that worry about the theme of the mathematics didacticism.