Qualidade de Vida em Pessoas Submetidas à Cirurgia Bariátrica em Momentos Pré e Pós-Cirúrgico

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic multidimensional disease and with high degree of associated comorbities, whose incidence has been increasing lately in many countries. The weight loss, through the bariatric surgery, can lead patients with obesity to a better Quality of Life (QOL). This study aimed at evaluate the perception of obese people's QOL, in pré and post-surgical condition. Thirty obese, degree III and II with associated comorbities that awaited the accomplishment of the bariatric surgery (Group I) and thirty obese that had already submitted to the procedure (Group II) in a public hospital, answered WHOQOL- 100 and SF-36, instruments of evaluation of QOL, and a semi-structured interview seeking the subjective evaluation of those participants' QOL. In WHOQOL-100, the Group II presented larger punctuation that the Group I in all the domains, indicating better QOL, detaching a little significant difference in the domains of social relationships and spirituality/religion/values. In SF-36, the Group II presented improvement in the perception of QOL in all the dimensions, excepting the dimension of emotional aspects, which maintained equality among the two Groups. In the semi-structured interview it was possible evaluate nine thematic categories that allowed to evaluate the concepts of health, disease and the participants' QOL, as well as their perception of the net work of social support that are inserted, the locus of control and the coping that use in stress situations, such as their disease and treatment. In the social and family dimension of QOL, the two Groups presented a percentage significant in behavior positive front the net work of social support (9.9% - Group I and 10.5% - Group II). The group I presented larger percentile in internal locus of control (3.6%), while the Group II, in external locus of control (3.8%) and in the coping the largest percentage was in the behavior coping (9.5% - Group I and 8.7% - Group II). The Group II presented improvement in all dimensions of QOL, mainly, in the physical dimensions and functional capacity, proving that weight loss through the bariatric surgery is an effective treatment in concerns the improvement in general QOL.