Ensaios Imunoenzimáticos aplicados para a redução de ligações inespecíficas e de imunocomplexos na Leishmaniose Visceral Canina.

Abstract

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), a widespread disease, becomes relevant for its high incidence and lethality in different countries around the world. Brazil follows the global trend, reaching 21 federate units. In the state of the Tocantins the illness indices are high, especially in the city of Araguaína, among the most prevalent of the country. The VL behaves as typical zoonose, the sandflies as vector and the dog as the main reservoir. In the urban area these canids are considered the main infection source due to the high skin parasitism and the man proximity. The canine epidemic is still important for it generally comes from the human epidemic. The diagnosis of the human and canine infection is mainly based on serological methods, in which the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) stands out. Due to the illness endemic character, the more effective diagnostic methods became primordially available. Aiming to provide safer results free of interferences, as unspecified and immune complex reactions, frequently observed in the immune diagnostic of the human and canine VL, accomplished in this research, variations of the ELISA in serum samples from 140 dogs from the Tocantins endemic region. Verifying if there are unspecified reactions in the ELISA tests urea was added to the samples as diluents. The reduction of the optic densities was observed in the tested samples, presuming that it was break in the weak links or of low antibodies. Glicine and Tris were added to evaluate the interference of the immune complexes in the ELISA test to evaluate the interference with the pH shock, proving that there was an increase of the absorbing rate. These results suggest that method is effective to eliminate the complex antibodies, which had been blocked by circulating antigens. It is believed that the results acquired in this work are relevant in the perspective of the constant search for the diagnostic improvement of infectious and parasitic illnesses.