IMUNODETECÇÃO DA PROTEÍNA Ep-CAM EM PACIENTES COM CARCINOMAS MAMÁRIOS

Abstract

Breast cancer affects more than one million women worldwide and about 400,000 patients die each year due to this illness. Breast cancer has progressively affected a larger number of young women and mortality is also increasing in Brazil. For about two decades, several studies on breast cancer focused the expression and the possible cellular pathways of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). Ep-CAM is one of the most completely investigated proteins in human cancers. Because of its high expression in various carcinomas, Ep-CAM is a potential target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between Ep-CAM protein overexpression and the clinical and pathological features of a group comprising 239 patients with breast carcinomas. Ep-CAM overexpression was observed in 96 tumors (40%), reduced expression was detected in 66 tumors (28%) and 66 tumors (28%) did not express Ep-CAM protein. Eleven cases (4.6%) were excluded from the group, because the material was not sufficient for analysis. Prognostic factors that significantly influenced overall survival of the patients included: tumor size, lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, the presence of distant metastasis, the triple negative phenotype and Ep-CAM overexpression. Ep-CAM overexpression was also significantly associated with a worse five years overall survival, with the absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone), the triplenegative phenotype and with the presence of distant metastasis. Based on the results, we suggest that Ep-CAM overexpression might be considered as a potential prognostic marker in breast carcinomas, allowing more appropriate therapeutic choices for the patients.