AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS: UM INSTRUMENTO PARA A PROMOÇÃO DA IGUALDADE EFETIVA

Abstract

This study is primarily justified by the analysis of the principle of equality, the policy reasons for inequality to ensure effective equality material, which takes effect on the acceptance of difference, due to political pluralism, as expressed in the Constitution Federal. Inequalities originated due to natural factors or historical, cultural, social, economic or political. Whatever the reasons for distinguishing, policies are needed that balance to the minimum access rights and opportunities, from legal and political instruments of Equalization, which occurs through affirmative action. Only the designing principle of equality in its formal and material senses, demonstrating that there is only treatment isonomically if there is a distinction between the situations of inequality occurring, with regard to individuals unequally, which includes the need for implementation of affirmative action. Support for affirmative action policies are in international documents, the North-American, and the internal law, specifically in the Constitution. Nevertheless, it denotes a resistance to affirmative action, including the complicity of the public, whether by legislative omission, lack of effort - political will - the executive and the timidity of the judiciary. Making a systematic cut, this paper focuses on the issue of affirmative action in the face of two specific minority groups: blacks and women. Highlights the reasons for the historical prejudice and discrimination that these groups have suffered and points, using statistical data, the discriminatory situations still arise. Stresses the importance of affirmative action directed to the attendance of these groups, highlighting the policies already implemented.