Ensaios mutagênicos em decocto de Cochlospermum regium (Mart. et. Schr.) Pilger (Bixaceae) em Poecilia reticulata e Linfócitos humanos.

Abstract

Cochlospermum regium is a typical Cerrado medicinal plant, known as Cotton-docerrado, much used by local people as an analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial antiedematogenic. However, many chemical constituents of medicinal plants can be toxic and harmful to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the potential cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extract of this species. With this goal in vivo tests were performed in Poecilia reticulata and in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Was estimated for both the lethal concentration (CL50/96h) of decoction of C. regium also performed a Micronucleus Test (MN) and comet assay (EC). Tests with P. reticulata were conducted in aquaria with standard acute exposure for 96 hours. The CL50/96h was estimated at 0.25 gL -1. For testing the MN and EC concentrations used were 0.25 gL-1, 0.19 gL-1, 0.13 gL -1 and 0.06 gL-1 in addition to the negative control. As the experimental conditions of the decoction C. 2.2) of± 1.5) and micronuclei (5.6 ±regium showed difference (p = 0.0046 and p = 0.0007) between the concentration of 0.25 gL-1 with an average of (5.5 1.6) respectively, thus showing cytotoxic and mutagenic by micronucleus test.± 1.3) and (2.7 ±erythrocytic nuclear changes with the negative control (2.8 Correlation was observed and linear regression between the positive damage observed in erythrocytes of P. reticulata and the concentrations of the decoction evaluated. However, no genotoxic activity was identified by the comet assay (p = 0.6289 and p = 0.7677) concentrations in any of the parameters for the length of DNA in the comet's tail and quantity of DNA in the comet's tail, also showing no correlation, or simple linear regression between the results obtained and the concentrations tested. For the tests in vitro CL50/96h in human lymphocytes was estimated at 1.73 gL-1. The micronucleus test was performed in whole cultures for 72 hours and comet assay for 3 hours at concentrations of 1.73 gL-1, 1.29 gL-1, 0.86 and 0.43 gL-1 gL -1 of the decoction, CN and CP to methyl methane sulfonate at a 12 concentration of 80ìM and 70 mM respectively. The decoction these concentrations did not differ (p = 0.6235) with the negative control, showing no mutagenic activity in binucleated human lymphocytes, however, correlated and significant linear regression between the concentrations of the decoction and the number of micronuclei observed. For the comet assay, considering the parameters of the comet tail length (p <0.0001) and amount of DNA in the comet's tail (p = 0.0037) difference was observed between the means obtained in human lymphocytes at concentrations of 1, 0.013 0.003) decoction C.± ±73g.L-one (0.46 and 3.98 0.0008), thus demonstrating the potential genotoxicity.± 0.003 ±regium with the average negative control (0.13 and 0.69 It was found that there was strong correlation and linear regression between the measured concentrations and the observed damage. In short, the decoction of C. regium concentrations evaluated in P. reticulata and human lymphocytes showed cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic including concentrationdependent. In this context, due to damage DNA, the decoct this species and its products in the customary conditions is contraindicated for use by the general population.