Incidência e fatores ambientais associados à leishmaniose visceral humana em dois centros urbanos mais populosos do estado do Tocantins, Brasil.

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered a neglected disease and has expanded and urbanized. The objectives of this study were to describe the demographic characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis; Assess the incidence rate; Describe the mortality rate and mortality and correlate average annual temperature and mean annual rainfall with the incidence rate. It is a descriptive, retrospective, ecological epidemiological study of the use of secondary data for the period 2007-2012 developed in the two most populous urban centers in the State of Tocantins, obtained from the Information Resulting System Notification and Secretary of State Tocantins Health. The average temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall in millimeters were provided by the National Institute of Meteorology. It was adopted as a criterion for inclusion municipalities with a population in excess of 100,000 in this case Palmas and Araguaína. 358 reports of confirmed cases of VL in those over 15 years of age were analyzed. The highest incidence of the disease occurred among people of Masculine sex (70.7 %%), residing in urban areas (99.03%), and the brown race the most affected (85.5%). The age group with the highest incidence was between twenty to thirty-four years (40.2%). There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between variables. The most widely used diagnostic criterion was the Lab (98.3%). The highest incidence rate occurred in 2008, followed by a significant downward trend in cases (p <0.001). The greatest mortality and lethality coefficients occurred in 2008 and 2010. The clinical course for healing occurred in most patients (90.2%). The percentage of co-infected with HIV observed in this study was 4.5%. The weather conditions did not influence the epidemiology of the disease. It is concluded that LV is a disease with urban characteristics, endemic, with a predominance of males and records of people who are in an economically active age group with high incidence rate, when compared to other studies. The association was not significant between the average rainfall and the incidence rate, as well as between temperature and the incidence rate.