DENGUE GRAVE NO BRASIL CENTRAL: ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS.

Abstract

Dengue is an endemic disease in more than 125 countries located in tropical and subtropical regions. These areas concentrate almost 40% of the world population, which is exposed to the infection caused by this virus. Given the wide range and adaptability of Aedes aegypti, dengue is the most prevalent viral infection caused by a vector leading to epidemics, death and loss in the countries affected by it. Brazil is one of the countries recording the highest number of cases where dengue is a severe public health problem. The general objective is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of severe dengue. The specific objectives include: describe the coefficient of incidence, coefficient of mortality, clinical and demographic characteristics of severe dengue; describe how the incidence of severe dengue progresses; list the hemorrhagic clinical complications manifested after an individual is infected by the virus; present the temporal tendency of cases and mortality caused by severe dengue; and relate the circulating subtypes of dengue fever with severe cases and deaths caused by it. This descriptive, cross-sectional study addresses cases of dengue in the state of Goiás, Brazil from 2010 to 2014, which were classified as severe dengue, that is, dengue with complications, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome reported to the Brazilian Health System s information system: SINAN (Notifiable Diseases Information System) and SIM (Mortality Information System). The highest incidence of severe dengue occurred among women (54.7%) while prevalence was highest among those of mixed race (56,2%) (p < 0.001); 99,1% (p < 0.001) lived in the urban area. Most individuals had attended middle school 45,1% (p < 0.001). The distribution of severe dengue by macro-regions shows that 82.3% of cases concentrated in the metropolitan region. A total of 478,463 cases were reported within the study period, among which, 279,492 (58.4%) referred to classical dengue and 4,882 (1%) referred to severe dengue; 344 resulted in death. The highest incidence occurred among individuals older than 60 years old followed by those aged between 16 and 45 years old. Death most frequently occurred among individuals aged between 26 and 35 years old and above 60 years of age. The highest incidence of severe dengue was recorded in 2010, 2013 and 2014. Serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4; 1 and 4; and 1, 2, and 4, were the types that circulated in the years with higher incidence, respectively. The highest rates of hospitalization were recorded in 2010 and 2013. Clinical manifestations included: petechiae (22,3%), bleeding guns (20,9%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (14,7%), 59,9% presented only one hemorrhagic event. Despite the effort of governments and international institutions, dengue remains a disease of global impact causing incalculable damage to the countries affected by it. Dengue is an evitable cause of death and can be prevented by promoting health measures and controlling the vector. Once individuals are infected, however, deaths are prevented only by early and appropriately establishing diagnosis and managing patients.