INỸ - HISTÓRIA E IDENTIDADE CULTURAL ÍNDIOS KARAJÁ DE BURIDINA

Abstract

Why Karaja survived before the occupation process of the national society in its traditional territory? The answer is simple, because there is something in the process of resistance Karajá kept in its historical memory revealed in the unity of traditional cultural identity: The INY, which can be translated into Portuguese the word WE. Traditionally, Karajá call themselves INY, which means the traditional dialect society held in plurality of said name. This is the subjectivity that the cultural identity maintained cohesion, unity and survival of this ancient race, inhabitants of the forests of the Rio Araguaia. This study aims to revisit and discuss the memory and cultural identity of Indians in Karajá Aruanã Goiás, with the intention of addressing, historically, the trajectory of this indigenous nation, from the retreat in the remote past to the present. Strictly speaking, for the research, looked at the universe of theoretical references available, the historical and anthropological literature authors who studied the ethnic linguistic branch of macro-Ge, where they are ranked the Karajá and its subgroups. Thus, the scope of analysis of the dissertation, elect to historians who actually studied the Karajá: Zoroaster (1941), Ataídes (1970), Metatti (1970), Prous (1997), Davis (1997), Socorro (2001), Amaral (1992), Barbosa (2002), Silva; Rocha (2006), et Funare. al. (2007), Silva (2009) et.al. It is noteworthy that the Karajá Burdina seen gradually being undermined their traditional territories, to the point where, until recently, been confined to a small group of houses on the edge of a ravine that is slowly being eroded by the action time and Araguaia River. The Karajá over the last two centuries, trying to preserve their culture based on the struggle for the survival of their ethnic groups supported the cultural resistance against the violence and the various forms that were faced with the presence of the colonizer in the occupation of their ancient territory and, in the course of its history were submerged by the actions of the process of settlement of the colonizer in Brazil and the inevitable occupation of their traditional lands, reducing them to three fragmented areas and pressure from livestock, agriculture, and more recently by tourism. It is due to this historical process, the Karajá seek to organize from the strategy in defending its territory millennial who is at risk of unavoidable due to the rapid occupation of cerrado biome. In this scenario disappear, that Karajá millennially preserve the flora and fauna, which are also natural heritage that is at risk of disappearing. It is in this context of degradation of indigenous territory promoted by the presence of the colonizer, that indigenous communities seek to maintain their physical and cultural integrity, fading in the shadow of deforestation and other forms of environmental degradation plaguing the city municipality Arowana. Dipped one hand, the tradition that mark the Rio Araguaia as the linchpin of their cosmology and, secondly, the urban ethos of a municipality that meets the demands of global capitalism, it Karajá to face the numerous challenges to their survival physical and cultural. The population of Brazil, and consequently of Goiás, for centuries associated with that occupation of the territory with the development of an economy geared exclusively to the metropolis, giving birth to an expansion process that triggered the reduction, fragmentation and loss of traditional territories, committing violently identity INY maintained to the present.