SANEAMENTO BÁSICO EM GOIÂNIA: UMA QUESTÃO DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA

Abstract

Sanitation is a set of measures adopted to preserve or alter the conditions of the environment in order to prevent diseases, promote health, improve the quality of life of the population, individual productivity, and facilitate economic activity. Part of the Brazilian population lives in places where sanitation conditions are still very precarious. Due to the lack of sanitation and minimum conditions of hygiene, the population is subject to various types of diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis A, dengue, chikungunya, zika, yellow fever, schistosomiasis, leptospirosis and others. From then on, the interest arose to verify the conditions of sanitation in Goiânia, a regional metropolis of great economic importance to the State of Goiás. The following question then arose: what is the current condition of basic sanitation in Goiânia and what are the impacts caused The health of the population due to the deficiencies of this service? The importance of this work is justified by addressing the relevance of sanitation to territorial planning in the city of Goiânia, with emphasis on the analysis of the impacts on public health. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze the conditions of basic sanitation of Goiânia households and to verify the reflected impacts on the health of the population due to the diseases caused by the inexistence or inefficiency of these services. The research was divided into five stages, including a bibliographic survey in scientific databases, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Department of Informatics of SUS - DATASUS, as well as the application of questionnaires with residents of the Jardim do Cerrado I - IV . It was possible to verify that the sanitation services in Goiânia are still inefficient, mainly regarding the sewage collection and treatment index and the lack of drainage networks in most of the municipality. The number of hospitalizations of people with diseases related to the lack or lack of basic sanitation are also indicative of the sanitary conditions of the population.