O ANTI-HERÓI: DA LITERATURA À EDUCAÇÃO

Abstract

In the present master’s thesis in education, we analyze the figure of heroes in the context of the formation and construction of man, from the beginnings to the contemporaneity, where such characters, based on their demeanor, constitute a model for man. This conduct of the hero is determinant, for it creates to man a rational and transcendental image, determining man to pre-established values. It is precisely a critique of an ideology that determines man and a metaphysical logic of values that permeates our discussion on the second chapter, in which we seek to show, through anti-heroes characters by Kafka and Camus, that there is no rationality for man nor any meaning of the world determining it. The same chapter also tries to show, via cultural industry, that such a machine tries to deceive man that the world possesses a meaning and there are models pre-established for all human relationships. The anti-heroes figure do not look like as an opposition to heroes. Quite the contrary, the anti-heroes is shown as the man in the sense he or she is to be done each day, and that recreates him or herself every moment. In this vain, Nietzsche's philosophy is of fundamental importance, because it proposes precisely the deconstruction of the metaphysical man and ascetic values, and that mankind may create values instead of merely accepting other’s moral teachings. In the face of heroes’ and anti-heroes' perspectives, we produced the chapter three of this study, involving a critical analysis of the approach of the heroes as an emblematic figure who, throughout history, has influenced and is still influencing culture and formation of man in different respects of contemporary life. Thus, in the anti-heroes perspective we seek to understand the negative inffuences forming man and his identity based on the ideology of heroes, as a capitalistic tool of impositions and cultural manipulations. An education aimed to form someone intended to get a job or make money cannot be called education to man, but only an indication of the path the individual must walk to keep him or herself alive. It is an education aimed to subjugate, create ordinary and useful people to the dictates of the State. What is proposed in the said chapter is precisely the education of man, directed towards the anti-heroes perspective able to cast a new light on man, so that he might have a libertarian, critical and ethical education.