Infraestrutura viária e expansão da soja no Bioma Amazônico, 1990- 2014

Abstract

The expansion of soybeans in Brazil was boosted in the 1970s, mainly due to the migration of the producers from the southern region to central Brazil, especially the State of Mato Grosso, and was implemented in the region by large economic groups that had the support of the Government. In this process - at first all created for export, therefore with insignificant profit retained on the spot - was verified the deforestation of native forests, the appearance of large latifundia and a coercion to the migration of small producers to the cities. In a way the big tradings can obtain high profits and therefore it has power and influence on the government, otherwise there are situations of serious threat to the biome that has the greater biodiversity of the world and also the greater hydrographic basin of the planet. In this context, the present work of Master in Development and Territorial Planning explains the acceleration of soybean planting in the Amazon Biome between 1990 and 2014 and the negative impacts caused by the expansion of agricultural frontiers. In order to do so, it was necessary to have a wide bibliographical research, statistical analysis and a survey on the regional development policy involving soybean in the country, showing that this policy was implemented by the influence of the great economic groups, both Brazilian and foreign, and thus a policy Exclusionary, taking into account the social issues and that resulted in negative environmental impacts, such as the reduction of biodiversity in the Amazon, drastic change in the precipitation index of the Region and alteration of the physical and chemical properties of the soil.