EDUCAÇÃO PARA A CIDADANIA: POSSIBILIDADES DE REINTEGRAÇÃO DA PESSOA ENCARCERADA

Abstract

This thesis is inserted in the research line "State, Policies and Educational Institutions". The object of study refers to the reconquest of the citizenship of the incarcerated person, through possibilities of attending higher education and reentering the labor market. The general objective is to study the roots of human inequality generated by the State and civil society, concerning the stigmatization of incarcerated individuals and verify the possibility of reconquering their citizenship through higher education and re-entry into the job market. Specific objectives are: a) to study the possibilities offered by civil society and the State through an agreement between public and private entities to prison inmates to attend higher education in public and private institutions; b) to analyze the conditions of the agreement signed between Government and a private college for the granting of full annual scholarships, to the re-educatees of the prison system of open and semi-open regime and to the ex-prisioners that attending a college education; c) understand if the education provided by higher education to incarcerated person and to ex-convicts makes their reintegration possible into the job market and to the normal life. The empirical field comprises an official entity and a private higher education institution that have signed an agreement to offer courses to the incarcerated person of the semi-open and open regime as well as ex-prisoners. The theoretical reference comprises: a) studies on the inequality between men and the counterpoint between the State and civil society, on Rousseau (2007), Engels (2006), Marx (1998) and Gramsci (1999); b) ideological apparatus of power and the school as an instrument of domination and subjugation to social class, on Gramsci (1999), Althusser (1980); c) dignity of the individual and reintegration of the incarcerated person on Gramsci (1999), Manacorda (2007), Arendt (2013), and Goffman (2008). The research problem is therefore expressed: What are the possibilities of social reintegration of the incarcerated person who obtained the education through higher-level courses? The time frame of this research is is 2002-2017. The adopted method is dialecticalhistorical materialism and the research approach is qualitative and quantitative, with interviews and questionnaires, thematic oral history and content analysis. The research subjects are two leaders and six students. It is noted that although the right to education is an inalienable right, it practically does not embraces the incarcerated person and ex-convicts of the prison system. In order to higher education becomes an affirmative action there must be an effective commitment of the State to the public policies and guarantee of the allocation of financial resources. The participation of the society in these policies is essential, especially in the achievement of the actions and programs. From the categories analyzed in this investigation, results the following conclusions: a) the higher education offered through the agreement, does not meet the demands of the learners, as a result of obstacles created for obtaining the scholarship; b) the right to education, as an inalienable right, is a factor of reconstruction of the dignity as well as the reintegration of the person imprisoned through work; c) the opportunity offered by the agreement is not very effective, not only because of the low-esteem stigmas carried by the ex-prisoners, but also because of the difficulties created by the governing entities in their return to society.