Importância dos estudos de impacto de vizinhança: caso do Residencial Nelson Mandela, Goiânia-Go

Abstract

In the second half of the twentieth century, Brazil underwent a process of accelerated and disorderly urbanization, within a framework of fragile urban policies. The 1988 Constitution laid the foundations for a new urban policy in the country. In 2001 the "Statute of Cities" regulated the Constitution, defining new planning and management tools, including the Neighborhood Impact Assessment (EIV). However, in the legislation of most municipalities, including in Goiânia, the requirement of EIV is limited to commercial and / or industrial enterprises of high impact, exempting large residential developments from the obligation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the importance of establishing the EIV requirement for these cases, based on the study of the implantation of the Residencial Nelson Mandela (RNM) in the outskirts of Goiânia. For this, a qualitative research was carried out, using bibliographical review combined with the application of questionnaires. The research showed that the implantation of this enterprise without the prior realization of EIV should cause a considerable deterioration in the quality of life of the inhabitants of the neighborhood in which it was built, which already suffers from the lack of infrastructure and the provision of urban services. It was found that, when fully occupied, the RMN will result in an increase of about 25% in the current population of the neighborhood, worsening the situation a lot. In the opinion of the residents of the neighborhood, the realization of the EIV could have previously identified the impacts generated, as well as pointed out and demanded measures to mitigate them.