Fatores de Risco Biológicos e Ambientais de Crianças Expostas e não Expostas à Poluição Tabágica Ambiental

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the biological and environmental risk factors for children exposed and not exposed to second hand smoking (SHS). This study is the analytical cross-sectional conducted with 670 children aged 8 to 12 years, of both sexes in public schools in Anapolis (GO). It was applied adapted epidemiological questionnaire directed to parents/guardians of children and evaluated: weight, height, calculated body mass index (BMI) percentile and children. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and logistic regression tests. The study included 455 children, and 215 excluded (32%) due to incomplete questionnaire completion. The children were divided into two groups: children not exposed to SHS (NSHS) and children exposed to SHS (ESHS). No significant differences were found between the group of children Nepta compared to TSAP group in the variables: sex (p=0,33), age (p=0,32), weight (p=0,25), height (p=0,74), BMI (p=0,06) and percentile (p=0,82). Parents of NSHS group had higher level of education (OR=0,67). Already maternal smoking during pregnancy was higher in the ESHS (OR=5,50) as reported by parents or guardians. The ESHS group had a greater number of families (OR=1,71) and children (OR=6,51) with a history of respiratory disease, as well as greater number of hospital admissions (OR=4,17). The ESHS group had higher incidence of rhinitis (OR=5,26), asthma (OR=48,15), bronchitis (OR=6,53) and pneumonia (OR=7,74) compared to NSHS group. As the smoking habits of the family ESHS group, it was found that most lies with only a smoker (77,3%), usually the father (53,4%) 20 who smoke conventional cigarettes per day (83,6% ) and expose the school for up to 6 hours per day (50,6%). Regarding housing, the NSHS children lived in homes with more windows (OR=0,48), unlike the ESHS group reported lower air circulation (OR=1,73). Was lower recording the presence of mold in the home (OR=0,52) of NSHS group. These findings indicate that children exposed to SHS have more chronic respiratory diseases and live in more unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, educators and health professionals should promote the protection of those involved with information about the harmful effects of exposure to SHS and encourage cessation programs of parental smoking.