Ansiedade, Ideação Suicida e Qualidade de Vida de Pessoas que Consomem Substâncias Psicoativas

Abstract

Around 250 million people, that is, 5% of the global population between 15 to 64 years old, used illicit drugs in 2014. Among the consequences caused by the use of these psychoactive substances (NPS), we can see high rates of quitting school, violence, mental and physical health complications in which has negatively affected their life quality. High rates of anxiety, reports of depression and suicidal thoughts are also associated with drug use. The dissertation was built within the modality of a scientific article. The first article is based upon an integrative review of the literature in which its purpose was to analyze the life quality among the psychoactive substance (NPS) consumers, and the aspects that influence it. In order to make this possible, the MEDLINE, LILACS and PubMed databases were used, and studies and papers were published from 2007 to 2017. Twenty-two articles were selected in which the main goal of them was to evaluate the life quality of the people who have used NPS through psychometric tests. The life quality of these NPS users is highly affected when compared to the general population, especially when it comes down to mental and physical state. Sociodemographic characteristic and the standard use can influence the life quality. The main purpose of the second article was to analyze the intensity of the suicidal thoughts, the anxiety rate, as well as the life quality of people who consume NPS who were seen in a psychosocial care facility. It involves a cross-sectional study with over 18-year-old NPS consumers registered within the facility mentioned. The instruments used for these tests were WHOQOL-BREF and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI). The sample was comprised of 62 participants, averaging 37,24 years old (±12,31), where most of them had only graduated elementary school, had no partners, were unemployed, and their family income were at most two minimum wages. The most used NPS were alcohol, tobacco and its derived, marijuana and cocaine/crack. The extremely high level of anxiety was the most serious and prevailing, and the suicidal thoughts was present within 20,97% of the participants. The life quality was affected in all of them. Unemployed participants were the one who most suffered some kind of physical problem in comparison to retired and employed tested individuals (p> 0,01). The youngest the participant was when he first tried NPS, the highest was the suicidal thoughts and feelings (p=0,02). There was a negative correlation between anxiety and physical control (p>0,01), psychological(p>0,01), and social relation (p>0,01) of the life quality. Those who had already tried to commit suicide before, were among the ones with higher suicidal thoughts (p>0,01) and terrible life quality involving psychological control (p>0,01) and social relation (p>0,01). As we can observe what has been presented, it is clear the impacts in which the use of NPS has caused: Anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and therefore low and awful life quality. The consequences of NPS use are immeasurable. They have a wide aspect within areas involving health, economy, education, planning and social assistance. Understanding the complexity and the multiple sequels of NPS use, and its relation with the health problems caused to the population, leads to the creation of new health policies in which could be used within the treatment of NPS consumers. Keywords: Quality of Life; Psychoactive substances; Anxiety; Suicidal Ideation, Drug users.