Efeito de uma Ação Educativa com Uso de Metodologia Ativa na Adesão de Profissionais de Saúde à Higienização das Mãos

Abstract

Hands hygiene is part of the set of best practices for the prevention of healthcare-related infections. The adherence to hands hygiene is low in the various care settings. In intensive care units, this low compliance becomes even more severe, due to the greater susceptibility and exposure of patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention with the use of active methodology in the adhesion to hands hygiene among health professionals who work in the intensive care unit. A near experimental, before and after study. We evaluated variables of two paired samples of health professionals working in an intensive care unit for adult patients with 20 beds in a private specialty hospital located in the State of Goiás. The study was performed in three stages: pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention. High level and technical health professionals who worked in direct patient care participated. We also evaluated the monthly epidemiological reports of infections related to health care in the intensive care unit generated by the Hospital Infection Control Committee of the referred hospital. The health professionals who worked in the management and did not provide direct assistance to the patients, those who lacked more than once in the proposed educational activities, and those who were on vacation during some stage of the study were excluded. 69 professionals participated in the three stages of the study. Most of the professionals worked in the day shift, with a workload of more than 40 hours a week, in more than one institution and claimed to have participated in some educational activity on hands hygiene in the last 12 months. Females represented the highest frequency of professionals in the intensive care unit studied in the pre and post-intervention stages 58 (58%) and 44 (63.8%), respectively. The overall adhesion to hands hygiene was low, where in the pre-intervention it was registered 22.3% and after the educational intervention it increased to 34.1%. Overall adherence to hands hygiene presented statistical significance at p <0.05 after the educational intervention for the following variables: female and male, training time shorter and longer than 24 months, workload greater than 40 hours per week, level of higher and technical schooling, day and night shifts, professionals working in one or more health institutions and professionals who have or have not participated in any educational activity in the past 12 months. The study showed an increase in the overall adherence to the hygiene of the hands of the health professionals of the intensive care unit between the pre- and post-intervention stages with statistical significance. The educational activity through the active teaching and learning methodology using the Marguerez arch was effective in increasing adherence to hands hygiene by the health professionals of the intensive care unit.