Efeitos de Intervenções Ergonômicas nos Sintomas Osteomusculares, Capacidade para o Trabalho e Qualidade de Vida dos Trabalhadores de uma Indústria Têxtil

Abstract

Tasks performed by industrial workers have patterns of movements detrimental to health due mainly to the intensity and technological resources. Exposure to improper work activities, poor posture during work are some factors that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. The dissertation was constructed in scientific article, with the objective of measure the effects of ergonomic interventions on musculoskeletal symptoms, the ability to work and the quality of life of workers in the textile industry. The first article deals with a systematic review that aimed to analyze the effects of ergonomic interventions on the musculoskeletal symptoms of industrial workers. Two independent researchers conducted the search using the same combination of descriptors, musculoskeletal diseases and ergonomics or "human engineering" and workers, in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the electronic databases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and United States National Library of Medicine (PubMED), with studies published between 2007 and 2016, in Portuguese, English or Spanish; randomized clinical trial articles that evaluated the effects of ergonomics on musculoskeletal symptoms through the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ); and whose sample was of workers of industries. Repeated articles, which did not conclude the results, literature reviews, editorials, letters, comments, isolated case reports, dissertations or theses were excluded. 06 articles were included in the sample. Five studies presented positive results of ergonomic interventions in the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms. It is evident that in executing an intervention protocol within the industry, in a monitored and controlled manner the results are better; associating job corrections and awareness raising ergonomics are also more effective; exclusive awareness interventions were effective with a minimum work load of 5 hours. The second article aimed to verify the effects of ergonomic interventions on musculoskeletal symptoms, work capacity and quality of life of workers in the textile industry. It is an analytical and cross-sectional study, carried out in two textile industries, the study group with 58 workers (that performs ergonomic interventions of awareness and work-related gymnastics) and the other, the control, with 49 workers (who do not perform ergonomic interventions of awareness). The instruments were: sociodemographic and occupational profile, Work Ability Index (WAI), Questionnaire 12-Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and NMQ. The results showed that the workers in the study group were better able to work in the domains of current capacity for work, estimated loss of work, absenteeism, self prognosis and mental resources. Quality of life had better results in the study group in the mental component and mental health domain. The study group reported a higher frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months in the neck, lower back and hip and in the last 07 days in the ankle. The ergonomic interventions of awareness and work gymnastics have proved to be effective in the capacity for work and the quality of life of the workers; the same can not be considered for musculoskeletal symptoms. The realization of interventions in ergonomics in workers of the textile sector can be considered effective for the mental health of the workers and improvement of the quality of life.