As Relações Familiares e a Construção de sentidos na Toxicomania

Abstract

Nowadays, drug addiction is a social problem that calls for the positioning of several professionals who try to understand this complex phenomenon. In addition to the drug addict, the family also becomes deeply involved in this issue and ends up influencing and being influenced. In recent years studies have been developed, trying to understand the relationship between family and drug addiction. And the importance of the family in the prevention and treatment of drug addiction has been increasingly emphasized. In this sense, the present work has two objectives, first to carry out a review of the literature on drug addiction, family and psychoanalysis in the last ten years. The search process was carried out using bibliographic descriptors: drug addiction; family and psychoanalysis. The chemical dependency descriptor was also used, instead of drug addiction, because this is a universal descriptor for the topic. The databases defined for the search were: Scielo e Periódico Capes and VHL Psi from January 2008 to 2018. A total of 1473 articles were found, with refinement the present study delimited 33 scientific articles, considered relevant for understanding the drug addiction and its relationship with family dynamics; The material worked on the articles was subdivided into three thematic axes: 1) The Psychic constitution of the Drug Addiction; 2. Drug addiction. Social Symptom of Contemporaneity; 3) Drug addiction and Family Dynamics, which refer to the main topics discussed in the articles. In a second moment, an empirical work was carried out to understand the experiences, meanings and the senses constructed by the subjects toxicómanos in relation to the familiar dynamics and if it is related or not the drug addiction. After approval of the Ethics Committee, three interviews were held, with members in Narcotics Anonymous, they were invited by the researcher and after accepting the interviews were scheduled. A socio-demographic questionnaire and a semistructured interview were used in individual interviews conducted in the researcher's office. For the analysis of the interviews we used the Integrative Phenomenological Analysis, after the complete transcription of the interview. The results demonstrate traumatic experiences in childhood, cases of family members with substance abuse or abusive use of chemical substance, psychological and physical violence and sexual abuse, data that corroborates with the data of the area literature. We conclude the need for new studies to better detail this complex issue.