Diversidade religiosa e pluralismo religioso no Brasil

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is the relationship between religious diversity and religious pluralism in Brazil. The general objective is to distinguish and discuss the concepts of religious diversity and religious pluralism in order to approach the meanings and meanings of the theme. The specific objectives are to analyze the category of religious pluralism, as a normative and ideological view on the positive value of religious diversity; present the Brazilian religious framework with its religious diversity, showing statistical data from the censuses of 2000 and 2010; discuss reflections on data and theories, which demonstrate perceptions of religious diversity and pluralism. Experts say that the Brazilian territory shows an eclectic field for this phenomenon. The interest for this subject came from readings of the topics consubstanciadas with the Sciences of the Religion. The motivations of this research sought the conceptual distinction between religious diversity and religious pluralism, for the complexity of their meanings and observed the census data made by IBGE. The main authors are Beckford (2003, 2014), Geffré (2013), Berger (1985, 2014, 2017), Menezes (2012), Camurça (2011), Teixeira e Menezes (2011, 2013), Giordan e Pace), Moreira (2018a, 2018b), Oliveira (2015), among others. The methodology adopted is qualitative research. The work is divided into four chapters, designed to answer the following questions: although there is growing religious diversity, why does not religious pluralism in Brazil still exist in its ideal, positive and evaluative form? How does pluralism present itself in the Brazilian religious field? Do religious diversity and religious pluralism have the same meaning? Do these concepts concern the reality of censuses, which reveal religious diversity and/or religious pluralism? The hypotheses bring the discussion about the terms religious pluralism and religious diversity, with their aspects, interlacings, interpretations and unfoldings. The impact of all the problematizations raised is that the Brazilian religious field no longer supports the hegemony of one or more religions, which legitimize unilateral and absolute positions. As a main result, religious pluralism becomes necessary in society and religious diversity opens the way to religious pluralism. However, there are challenges of harmonious coexistence, beginning with a kind of commercialization of religions and the inability of individuals to recognize the legitimacy of other beliefs. The importance of religious pluralism is peaceful coexistence, a situation considered more absent than in the religious field.