O impacto dos recursos aplicados no transporte escolar em relação à gestão político-financeira da educação básica : um estudo do financiamento da educação em municípios de Goiás

Abstract

This study, which is part of the State Research, Policies and Educational Institutions Line of the Postgraduate Program in Education of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, aims to understand the financing of school transport policy. The objective is to analyze the impact of school transportation expenses on the total amount invested in education in 10 (ten) municipalities in the state of Goiás. Considering that Brazil is going through a closing movement of the rural schools and has increased the displacement of students who live in countryside to the urban schools, there is an increasing commitment of the municipal expenses with the school transport. In this context, the problem was constructed to reveal how much school transportation impacts in the public budge in relation to what the municipality applies in maintenance and development of education, and what was the cost per student/year of school transportation in 2016 for the 10 municipalities surveyed. The research is based on historical materialism, seeking to evidencing the category of the contradiction present in the policy of school transport. It is a qualitative and quantitative analysis, whose methodological procedures are exploratory, documentary and empirical research. For the analysis of the data, we selected 10 (ten) municipalities from 5 (five) mesoregions of the state of Goiás, which in relation to 2016, give an accountable of National Program to Support School Transportation (Pnate) to FNDE, had published the data of the financial execution in their official electronics adresses and had a certificate issued by the Court of Municipal Accounts (TCM-GO) proving the minimum investment in maintenance and development of education. We explore the microdata of 2016 School Census, released by the National Institute of Studies Research and Educational Anísio Teixeira (Inep), using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) program. Theorical contributions include Amaral (2012), Arendt (2007), Arroyo, Caldart e Molina (2011), Azevedo (1997), Bobbio (1999, 2000), Brzezinski e Santos (2015), Carneiro (1997, 1998). Chauí (1983, 1993), Dallari (2004), Dourado (2011), Hobbes (2000), Locke (1978), Rousseau (1983), Saviani (2005, 2006), among others. The research shows that the amounts invested in school transportation maintenance represent considerable percentages in relation to the resources applied by municipalities in maintenance and development of education, and the cost student/ year of school transportation is quite variable. By working on the microdata of the 2016 School Census, the results show that, in rural areas, the majority of students who using school transport studying in urban schools.