Principais Problemas de Saúde em Motoristas de Caminhão: Revisão Sistemática

Abstract

The road freight transport drives economic development in many countries, especially those with large territorial extensions. It is a fully horizontal sector, which enables all other sectors of the economy. Truck drivers are the primary actors in this transport and their activities present unique characteristics related to work organization. Several studies in different countries demonstrated that truck drivers present problems related to health, work and lifestyle. The objective of this study was to identify, through specialized scientific literature, the main health problems faced by truck drivers. A systematic review through consultation in PubMed database was performed. Four hundred articles related to health truck drivers were initially reviewed. Of these articles, only 26 studies were included according to the predefined inclusion criteria. The main health problems were grouped into categories, comprising: sleep disturbances and fatigue; musculoskeletal disorders, metabolic and cardiovascular problems and other diseases. Prevalence rates were tabulated and cataloged in spreadsheet. The main health problems reported for truck drivers in the literature include: sleep disorders (66.2%), fatigue (83.0%), musculoskeletal disorders (57.8%), metabolic disorders (61%), obesity (70%), alcohol (65.4%), depression (53.7%) and smoking (60%). This study identified several aspects of the major health problems of the truck drivers that may have negative impacts on the quality of life of these workers. This work confirms that problems such as sleep disorders, fatigue, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, alcohol and drugs, depression, anxiety, stress, lung cancer and smoking, are described in the literature as the most common health for truck drivers