Hepatites B e C e Infecção pelo HIV em Profissionais de Embelezamento, Estética e Tatuagem: Prevalência e Fatores de Risco

Abstract

Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a growing public health problem and of great epidemiological relevance due to the clinical peculiarities and high morbidity and mortality of these diseases. According to the estimates, there are approximately 257, 71 and 36,7 million carriers of HBV, HCV and HIV on all continents, respectively. These infections are transmitted by blood components and therefore sharp objects may be important routes of dissemination. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of HBV, HCV and HIV-1 and 2 infections in beautification, aesthetics and tattoo professionals in the city of Goiânia-GO through serological analysis and the risk factors involving these professions. This is a quantitative-qualitative cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of type 1 and 2 HBV, HCV and HIV infections, as well as the determination of behaviors and risk factors by the use of immuromatographic and ELISA techniques for markers anti-HBs. HBsAg, anti-HBc IgG, anti-HBe, HBeAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV. A total of 15 districts of the city were visited, and 150 beauty, aesthetic and tattoo establishments, due to the high rejection rate of these professionals to participate in the survey. The number of professionals who accepted to participate in the survey was 62. After applying the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, the sample group of this study was 59 professionals. The sample of our study was composed mostly of females (66.1%), with a mean age of 33.9 years (Min. 18 and Max. 55), most of them single, predominantly with a schooling degree up to high school. In our study by the ELISA method, the HBsAg and anti-HCV markers were negative for all samples, representing that none of the patients had infection at the time of collection for HBV and HCV. The ELISA for anti-HIV was positive in only one sample (1.7%), being this professional manicure / pedicure. As for the other markers for hepatitis B, 6.8% presented positivity for both anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG, thus presenting a serological scar for hepatitis B. Isolated anti-HBs were positive in 37.2% of the studied population, being this a marker of vaccine response, and 56% of the participants did not present any marker for hepatitis B, thus these subjects being susceptible to HBV infection. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections by the ELISA method was not confirmed in this study. However, due to the importance of beautification, aesthetics and tattooing procedures within today's society, it is important to highlight the risk of transmission of these diseases, a closer look at the imminent risk to these professional classes and also to their clients