A criança sob a ótica do jornal da cidade de Goiânia: marcas da (in)visibilidade

Abstract

This work, situated within the research line called “Education, Society and Culture” of the Graduate Program in Education of PUC-Goiás, studies the child from the social perspective of the newspaper in the city of Goiânia. The Research Problem was thus constituted: how are children socially portrayed in the stories of the largest newspaper in the city of Goiânia? Under what aspects do the conceptions of childhood / child occur? What do these publications veil, unveil or hide? The theme is justified from the relation between education – culture – communication, since the denunciation of how children and childhood are being socially portrayed by the news media can contribute to advance or restrict the field of child rights defense and scientific research. The goals of this research were: a) to understand the conceptions of child/childhood and the issues concerning them in social spaces, from the perspective of journalistic publications in Goiânia; b) to investigate, through a historical and cultural perspective, the reasons contributing to the (in) visibility of the child; c) to study the legal, political and social advances of children in Brazilian society. The authors basing the research are: Bosi (2010), Charlot (2013), Chauí (2008), Del Priore (2016), Passeti (2016), Rizzini (2008), Siqueira (2011), Soares (1997), Sarmento (2014). The research methodology was qualitative, alongside a bibliographic approach and content analysis. The empirical data were taken from the articles in the newspaper O Popular, in a time frame randomly established from June to December 2017, comprising a total of 7 months. From the data set, three major themes were recurrent in order of prevalence: violence, education and health. In the data exposition, Chapter I, called Childhood and the Child as Historical and Social Constructions, dealt with the social and historical construction of the following categories: childhood, child, ideology and discrimination. It situated the studies within authors who take the historicity of the themes in the relation among education – society – culture. Chapter II, The child in the social perspective from the newspaper outlook: when the lack of protection generates pain and violence in bodies and childhoods, discusses the issues of vulnerability and the absence of Child Protection Rights. Chapter III, The child in the social perspective from the newspaper outlook: when the absence of provision denies rights, addressed the final two most recurring themes in the data, in a quantitative order of issues: education and health. The results showed the denial of the Right of Provision, particularly in the absence of Public Policies. The conclusions allow us to return to what the title had already announced: visibilities and invisibilities. In general, the social outlook of the newspaper continues to treat children and childhood as journalistic objects and not as subjects of law. Focusing on the field of children rights, the data reveal movements of contradiction and common sense on crucial themes regarding the debate about the rights of the child, which are often poorly explored by the communication vehicle under study.