Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes idosos antes e após a cirurgia de catarata

Abstract

The elderly with cataracts are subject to several factors that permeate the health and well-being of the elderly population and may or may not contribute to their personal perception of satisfaction with their lives. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of life of elderly patients before and after cataract surgery. This is a longitudinal analytical study with a quantitative approach. Data collection took place in two stages, in which two questionnaires were applied, one sociodemographic and the other to assess the quality of life of the elderly, WHOQOL-OLD. In the data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test, Student's t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Participated in the research 34 seniors, 15 (44.1%) up to 69 years old and 19 (55.9%) who were over 69 years old. The results showed that, in the comparison of quality of life scores and their domains with the personal and clinical aspects of the investigated sample, a decrease in the scores of the sensory functioning was identified in the elderly who had no activity of Leisure time from 53.0 to 43.1 (P = 0.0006), which did not practice physical activity from 53.1 to 43.5 (P = 0.0023) and in those who did not use the Internet from 53.1 to 44.0 (P = 0.0010). In the past, present and future activities domain, an increase in the score was identified in the elderly who did not have leisure activity from 67.4 to 72.0 (P = 0.0258), who did not practice physical activity from 66.2 to 70.6 (P = 0.0303), in those who reported having other Health problems from 67.1 to 70.9 (P = 0.0372) and in those who reported having good health from 69.7 to 75.5 (P = 0.0298). In the Social participation domain, there was an increase in the score in the elderly who had no leisure activity from 56.7 to 65.3 (P = 0.0068), who did not practice physical activity from 56.3 to 65.4 (P = 0.0033), in those who reported having a regular health from 56.6 to 65.8 (p = 0.0102 ) and in those who reported that they were not afraid of surgery from 55.9 to 65.4 (P = 0.0025). It is concluded that there is a statistical significance for the elderly population surveyed, where there was a decrease in the functioning of the sensory, increase in past, present and future activities and increase in social participation.