A constituição do sujeito e o infantil na psicanálise

Abstract

This dissertation is a theoretical study about the constitution of the subject and of the child in psychoanalysis. The delimitation of this object was made from a maturation largely promoted by the studies inserted in the productions carried out by the Research Line Education Society and Culture of the Postgraduate Program in Education of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; by the Art research project, Psychoanalysis and Education: aesthetic procedures in cinema and the vicissitudes of childhood (UFG, PUC-GOIÁS, UEG, and UNB) and by Entraste (Study, Research and Extension Group of the Coastal Foundations between Language, Psychoanalysis and Education / UFG). We started systematization of the study with the formalization of the concept of subject in psychoanalysis, from what Lacan called the "return to Freud." Then we treat the very constitution of the subject, which is a subverted subject of the Cartesian cogito, because it is the subject of the unconscious, divided, subjected to the law of signifier and the law of desire, which constitutes due to the structuring action of language and the ordering effect of the prohibition of incest. Through the notion of structure over the notion of development, we deal with the concept of child, because the child is exactly what is perennial from what is structured with the logical operations of the mirror stage and the Oedipus complex, taken in psychoanalysis as what Lacan defines as a psychic structure. Childhood for psychoanalysis it is the time of the constitution of the subject, which concerns a historical and social time, the child is situated outside of temporality, represents that which never ceases to subscribe, which, being of the order of the unconscious, has the consistency of an absolute presence, which repeat. Therefore given the characteristic of the infantile as something that is constituted by the subject, we establish a relationship with the desire graph, which is a topographic instrument elaborated by Lacan to situate the logical processes that do not dissolve over time. existence of the subject, which evidences a constant retroaction to the time marks of the subjective constitution. Finally, we performed an analysis of the movie Where is my house friend? (1987) by Abbas Kiarostami from the perspective of the Cinema / Psychoanalysis relationship. The film it is a work with aesthetic and poetic elements that allowed us to ―border on the real of childhood ‖as the place of the constitution of the subject, which is marked by anguish, trauma; rather than the production of the infantile, which constitutes the subject to the logic of the unconscious.