Além do muro : análise ecopolítica da segregação socioambiental das Lomas de Pamplona, na periferia de Lima, Peru

Abstract

There is a need to highlight the most common problems of urban expansion in the third world in times of globalization such as those in the Latin American region. The region has undergone accelerated social and economic changes that are reflected in its cities because they are steeped in history, but also in current events resulting from an unequal economic system that generates social and physical segregation. This work aims to evaluate and characterize the aspects that generate and that are also generated by the socially and environmentally segregated space from an ecopolitical perspective which is considered a tool for interdisciplinary interpretation of socio-environmental problems. A study point was determined in the urban periphery of Lima, Peru, as it presents a variety of transversal factors that produce complex socio-environmental problems, in addition to being a spatial and historical reference of segregative urbanization. This point called Lomas de Pamplona has a trace of a natural ecosystem on the Pacific coast that interacts with an improvised and socially segregated urbanization called Pamplona Alta, which in turn borders on one of the most privileged neighborhoods in the city. At this point, several episodes of social conflicts developed, a dividing wall was built between the two realities of the city. The main results of this work point out that the wall has several impacts, not only social, but also environmental that generated different responses from the segregated population. A descriptive and exploratory methodology was chosen with the support of bibliographic research, in-place observations, and application of semistructured interviews to residents and social actors. With the data, analysis schemes and organization charts for diagnosing conflicts and problems were structured based on the Pressure, State, Impact and Responses (PEIR) matrix. The main conclusion emphasizes the need to address the socio-environmental problems of the city in a holistic way because urban dilemmas are generated in a systemic way interspersed by different political, social, economic and even historical actors