Desenvolvimento regional local, territorialidade e desterritorialidade: caso do garimpo de esmeraldas em Santa Terezinha de Goiás e Campos Verdes - Goiás

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between territoriality, deterritoriality, reterritoriality and local economic development, focusing on the emerald mining in the municipalities of Santa Terezinha de Goiás and Campos Verdes, both located in the state of Goiás, more specifically in the North Mesoregion, in the Porangatu Microregion, 300 km from the state capital. The intense activity of emerald extraction gave rise to a disorderly occupation in the two municipalities, from the 1980s, when the emerald mines were discovered, this being considered the golden age of mining in the region. The theoretical framework of this research was based on the concepts of territoriality and its dynamics, as well as that of local development. This sought to understand the relationship between spatial mobility and territoriality, with the discovery of emerald mines in these municipalities. To this end, the concepts addressed were examined in the light of the human and social sciences, going through Geography, Anthropology, History and Sociology, since the territory consists of a social construction mediated by human interests, focused, above all, on energy and information , which, in the modern world, represent consumer goods. This reality brings together territory and economy, as well as territoriality and local development. Thus, a qualitative and descriptive research was carried out, as well as a field research, with the application of questionnaires, in order to observe how the populations of these locations historically perceive the territoriality and the development - or not - originating from the mining. Based on these methodological procedures, it was found that the prospector, due to the temporal nature of the mining mines, the disorderly development of the cities and the mining regions, breaks with the logic of fixation in the territory, generating an emptying of the cities and regions when gold mining is in crisis. Furthermore, it was evident, in the historical process of the municipalities of Santa Terezinha de Goiás and Campos Verdes, that both follow the logic of mining cities in Brazil, which is configured by the vulnerability of occupation of the territory, facing environmental, social problems, economic and institutional, in addition to structuring a territoriality mediated by mining, as well as processes of deterritoriality and territoriality, due to the decay of mining. These processes lead to the questioning of the notion of development associated with mining activity, since it has a predatory character and a high environmental risk, incompatible with development