A Arquitetura vernácula rural no momento contemporâneo: exemplo da casa do Manso

Abstract

The present work originates from the conclusions of two projects of RESCUE OF ARCHITECTURAL CULTURAL HERITAGE that integrated the respective projects of RESCUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE formulated by teams of researchers from IGPA (Goiano Institute of Prehistory and Anthropology / UCG), which had in the region center - south of the state of Mato Grosso. Both projects are related to the construction of a hydroelectric plant in the basins of the rivers Manso, Casca and Quilombo, focusing on the respective impacts that the construction works of the reservoir lake of the plant and, later, of the power transmission line from the plant to the Nobles season had on the local population. Although these impacts are of a different nature, since the population of the lake area had to be transferred while the transmission line was able to remain in their homes, both projects were worked on in a perspective that raised issues of interest not only for the populations directly affected, but also in order to gather information and allow reflections that put into question the very concepts of architecture and their current ways of considering the building in general and the house and the cultural values ​​that it contains, in a specific way. Thus, it became important to establish a discussion about some of the assumptions of modern architecture, especially its industrial and scientific face assumed throughout the 20th century, since the architecture found in the lake region of the plant is, in its specificity, vernacular rural , and in many characteristics, opposite to urban architecture. This difference is translated not only in the construction, but also in the interpretation of these built spaces. In the first part of this dissertation, which deals with houses in the region subsequently flooded by the waters of the plant's reservoir lake, we worked on a technically descriptive perspective, seeking to establish connections between constructive solutions and imperative constraints such as the environment and cultural heritage. and then, between these solutions and the habit of its residents. In the second part, a reflection took place from the houses located along the Transmission Line, which were considered to be in an intermediate and border situation between the houses in the lake region and the houses on the outskirts of large cities. These marks of transformation, sometimes noted very slowly, are abstracted from architectural forms through the use of parameters borrowed from archeology through the use of some methods of analysis that this discipline involves on architectural remains. The values ​​of modern architecture and its contemporary situation of approaching paradigms and others that are already in full swing open, within this matter, a possibility of perception of persistent social issues, arising from the impacts that follow the impact of a great work, or that is, the impact that a population displaced for settlement or absorbed by large cities, suffers and causes. Any discussion of Cultural Heritage involves a system of values ​​that are perpetuated in monuments and works, but that also transform or disappear, taking with them ways of dealing with life, with others and with the world. Working with this collection of information in a way that allows the studied population to reflect on itself, their attitudes reflect on their quality of life, seems to us to be one of the most constructive paths of scientific research.