Dinâmica populacional e desenvolvimento regional em cidades do norte goiano: estudo de caso de Santa Terezinha de Goiás

Abstract

Based on data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), released annually, about 25% of Brazilian municipalities have suffered a reduction in their population (IBGE, 2017), an aspect that directly affects the level of economic activity, collection of taxes, the Municipal Participation Fund (FPM), the potential for growth and development in general. The population reduction is concentrated in those municipalities that have up to 20 thousand inhabitants. The increase or reduction in population, has almost often been related to the discovery and extraction of mineral resources, with exceptions such as the installation of small industries, in most municipalities in the Northern Region of Goiás. This work seeks to identifies the reasons that have level to population reduction in these units of the federation and infer on a strategy that should be adopted by public managers in order to compain the migration and create attraction factors. How to retain and attract talent and labor to the municipality? What public policies were implemented and what the results obtained a view to the blatant regional inequalities? Is there an option for development without population growth? In the search for answers to these questions, the classical and regional bibliography, was researched using as scientific platforms, Schielo, Google Scholar, CAPES, books, magazines and newspapers, including the internet. Data research was conducted with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Instituto Mauro Borges (IMB) and Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), among others. The occupation, population dynamics, economic and social indicators of the region and the 10 municipalities in the surrounding of Santa Terezinha de Goiás. Given the randomness of growth, the absence of cities considered to be Development Poles, but only enclaves such as Porangatu, Niquelândia, Minaçu and Uruaçu and the circular causation where market forces tend to accentuate inequality, the importance of supply has become evident of Fixed Social Capital (CFS) by the State, seen as a general structure and legal framework in order to promote regional development. A case study was conducted, electing as object the municipality of Santa Terezinha de Goiás, through the application of a questionnaire to 193 residents, over more than 40 years, composed of 36 questions, arranged in 3 fronts: factors of attraction and migration; II - Public policies perceived by the population; and III- Actions and public policies recommended by the population to municipal managers, with a view to local development. The results and discussions indicate that the main factors in the population reduction of small towns in the inland of Goiás, especially in the municipality of Santa Terezinha de Goiás, point to the lack of job opportunities, the search for improving the education level of children and higher quality of life when migrating to larger cities, especially to the capital, Goiânia, including abroad. It was also observed the absence of impacting public policies from an economic, social and environmental point of view, applied at regional and municipal levels in order to promote the generation of employment and income. The municipalities in the region depend directly on the FPM for the cost of expenses, especially the payroll of the servers, whose percentage of revenues exceeds 50% in most municipalities, wich have percentages of beneficiaries of the PBF and the BPC higher than the average of the states Goiás and Brazil. Genuine interest, knowledge and selfless action of municipal managers are required in the adoption of strategic planning based on diagnosis, management by indicators and innovation, including management practices and partnerships adopted in the private sector, applicable to public administration, in order to promote local development