Políticas de inserção de estudantes no ensino superior no Brasil de 1995 a 2020: barreiras históricas de exclusão do jovem

Abstract

This work is part of the research line "State, Policies and Education Institutions". It aims to understand the policies for the insertion of students in Higher Education from 1995 to 2020, comprising the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002), Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), Dilma Rousseff (2011-Ago.2016), Michel Temer (Ago.2016 a 2018) and Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2020). The study analyzes the Brazilian Higher Education System focusing on the possibilities for young people to access and achieve an undergraduate degree in each federal government from 1995 to 2020, applying the dialectical materialism approach. Data were collected from official reports available on governamental agencies websites (Portal Mec, Portal FNDE, Portal ProUni, Portal Fies). Specialized books and scientific articles about Higher Education were also considered as relevant sources. Marx (1980; 2005; 2011), Bava (1997), Boito Jr (2012), Dowbor (2020), Freitas (2018; 2020), among other authors, were used as theoretical sources. The research analyzes Neoliberalism as the framework that permeates all governments and the results indicate two scenarios experienced by Young people in Higher Education: the first one represented by right-winged, ultraneoliberal government (Fernando Henrique, Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro); and the second one, represented by left-winged governments (Luiz Inácio da Silva e Dilma Rousseff). The Workers¿ Party governments contributed to the implementation of the Social Well-being State, where Education is seen as a social right and the foundation of citizenship. On the contrary, the right-winged governments have established a recolonization Project, linked to financial capital and to the USA that destroys the social achievements and asseverates the commodification process of Higher Education, specially after the media - juridical - parliamentary coup held in 2016. In this case Higher Education is seen as an important strategy of the market at the service of financial capital