Nível de atividade física e rastreio de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adolescentes da rede estadual de ensino

Abstract

Adolescence is characterized by a period between childhood and adulthood and in this period the practice of physical activity, which is any bodily movement that results in an energy expenditure above the resting level, brings several benefits to the health of the adolescent. However, the lack of physical activity ends up provoking an imbalance in the body and may be associated with non-adaptive responses such as mental disorders such as depression, anxietyand stress. Therefore, it isnecessary to investigate the level of physical activity and the screening of mental health of adolescent students. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of habitual physical activity and symptoms of depression, anxietyand stress of adolescents of full time and partial public schools. An analytical cross-sectional study with stratified random sample size and estimated in 516 students, of these 277 of part time school and 239 of full time. The instruments used were the sociodemographic questionnaire, international questionnaire of physical activity and the scale of depression, anxietyand stress in adolescents. The mean and standard deviation data were used as a description of the data. The categorical variables, the chi-squaretestand / or Fisher exact test were used, while the univariate General Linear Model (GLM) test was used to compare continuous variables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). Only 4.3% of the sample are considered active adolescents based on the criteria established by the World Health Organization, with worse performance of the students of full-time schools (98.3% inactive). Full-time students reported sitting longer than students in part-time schools (10.15 ± 2.80 vs. 9.08 ± 3.48 hours, p <0.001). When comparing physical activity parameters such as weekly frequency and duration of effort, students in full-time schools practice even less physical activity than students in part-time schools (7.54 ± 5.00 vs 8.40 ± 4 , 82). The screening of anxiety and stress symptoms among adolescents tudents was perceptive in 18% (43) of full-time school students compared to 10% (29) part-time students (p = 0.05). However, the major negative aspects of depression in adolescent students of full-time schools 13% (31) were significant in comparison to students in part-time schools (6.1%) (p <0.05). We conclude that the adolescent students of the public school system showed a high rate of physical inactivity based on WHO criteria, with a higher proportion of inactive children in full-time schools. In addition, these students experience negative aspects of depression, anxietyand stress. In this sense, the understanding of the unique relationship between levels of physical activity and mental health of the students is fundamental to contribute in a decisive way in the promotion of public health of the adolescent students.