Análise da ictiofauna nos estudos ambientais das PCHs na bacia hidrográfica do rio Caiapó

Abstract

The serial installation of projects of SHPs in the different hydrographic basins, encouraged by ANEEL, were justified by the forecast of low impact, as it is a small change in the environment, when compared to the installation of HPP. However, studies show that the change from lotic to lentic environment causes irreversible changes in the aquatic habitat, which consequently affect the species richness of ichthyofauna, contributing to the extinction of endemic species and harming migratory species. This work aimed to identify the potential impacts on the ichthyofauna, caused by the installation of serial hydroelectric projects in the Caiapó River basin, through the analysis of the ichthyofauna collected of studies environmental from licenses and prefilling and post-filling monitoring. Secondary data obtained from the 19 environmental studies of the SHPs Mosquitão, Jacaré, São Antônio, Rênic, Tamboril and Piranhas demonstrated heterogeneity in the methodology and sampling techniques adopted. A list of 186 identified species was generated, distributed in 110 genera and 36 families, of which 57 species are migratory fish, collected in the Caiapó River basin, in the State of Goiás. The Jaccard index showed greater similarity of the species collected at SHP Mosquitão and Jacaré. The satellite images of this same basin in three periods, 2002, 2006, 2018, demonstrated the clear decrease in forest and riparian areas in the vicinity of the SHPP regions, contradicting ANEEL's idea of low environmental impact and warning of the risk of silting of rivers and reservoirs, contamination of water resources, and favoring the vector cycle. The synergetic effect of the artificial barriers of the series PCHs in the Caiapó River basin promoted fragmentation of the aquatic environments, removal of riparian forest and forest area in the Caiapó, Rio Bonito and Piranhas River headwaters