Prevenção e controle das infecções relacionadas à saúde: um enfoque na formação do enfermeiro

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections are factors that interfere in re-establish the health of patients, being able to cause irreparable physical and emotional damage, in addition to burdening the costs of therapy for the institutions. The knowledge and the application of preventive measures and control of the team that provides assistance are essential for the management of this type of infection. Among the professionals who provide health care, the nurse has a very important role on the needs of patients and must be qualified to provide the proper care in a preventive way, in order not to cause harm to these individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize the cognitive domain and the attitude of graduate students in nursing, in the prevention and control of healthcare-related infections. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, conducted in a higher education institution, located in the Western region of the State of Bahia. The study was divided into two stages: in the the first, participated sixty-three students from the undergraduate degree in nursing from the seventh semester, in the second, forty-four students from the same group attending the ninth semester. For data collection, in the seventh semestre was applied a questionnaire with open and closed questions, evaluating the cognitive domain and on the ninth semester, a closed questionnaire with closed questions was applied to evaluate the attitudes. The data were transcribed in the Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets, categorized into five thematic units: characterization of the participant; perceptions about healthcare-related infection; patient safety-related perceptions, perceptions as to the teaching activities of prevention and control of healthcare-related infections and correlated learning attitude. All ethical principles were respected. It was noted the existence of various disciplines that address the subject researched. It was concluded that students in the seventh semester have cognitive domain in maturing process with regard to the prevention and control of infections related to health care, while a year later (in the ninth semester) has shows domain and ability on these preventive issues demonstrated through their attitudes, indicating that the construction of learning is increased by the experiences in internships, since at graduation the knowledge is sedimented and interlaced to the praxis intensifying more at the end of the course