Finalidades educativas da formação de futuros enfermeiros para o Século XXI : a visão de dirigentes de entidades de classe de enfermagem

Abstract

Through contemporary Brazilian social transformations, issues of a social, political, scientific, and ethical nature present challenges for the training of nurses in undergraduate courses, requiring a critical reflection on the educational purposes of training these professionals in this context of the 21st century. Among the social actors that contribute to the historical construction of the nursing education policy, the nursing class entities, stand out for their scientific and political fundamentals. Based on the concept of educational purposes described by Yves Lenoir (2013; 2016) that these are powerful indicators to identify explicit and implicit orientations given to education, this study investigated the view of leaders of the nursing class entities about the purposes educational training of nurses for this century. The general objective was to understand the conceptions of educational purposes of the training of future nurses for the 21st century in the view of directors of the Federal Nursing Council (COFEN) / Regional Councils (COREN) and the Brazilian National Nursing Association / State Sections (ABEn). The specific objectives were: to describe the categories of educational purposes present in the conceptions expressed by the leaders of the class entities and to analyze the relationships between the purposes pointed out by the participants and the current nurse training policy, seeking to point out the need for changes. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative research was carried out with 14 managers. Data collection took place from November 2020 to February 2021, through a selfadministered questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The qualitative analysis of the data occurred by categorizing the content, verifying its relevance and meaning in relation to the research objectives, as well as the defended and refuted ideas. As results, the following conceptions of purposes were identified in the participants' view: - developmental, with emphasis on the identity of nursing, the object of nursing, the identity of the nurse; - economic development, highlighting the criticism of the marketing, business, training and professional practice conception; - basic reproducible skills for the profession, highlighting the promotion of health, science and research; - normative, highlighting the humanization of health and ethical training; - other purposes, highlighting the role of nursing class entities in the debate on the educational purposes of the training of nurses and the need to overcome fragmentary, disarticulating, dichotomous concepts of society, health and the profession. It is concluded that the identified purposes are references that signal the political and pedagogical-curricular orientation to be given to the initial training of nurses, indicating what is expected to be achieved in the context of the challenges posed to this professional in this moment of the 21st century.