Expansão e impactos da cana-de-açúcar na região norte de Goiás

Abstract

The growth in the area of occupation of sugarcane in the state of Goiás is explained by the fact that the harvesting of sugar cane in Goiás is mechanized and with high investments in technology, making sugar cane one of the main segments within of the economy in Goiás, so in Goiás, sugar cane is spread over 193 municipalities, with the South Goiano mesoregion concentrating 75.03% of production, followed by the Central mesoregion (19.88%), East (4.35% ), Norte (0.66%) and Noroeste Goiano (0.08%), in 2010. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the expansion of sugarcane cultivation, its socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the northern region of Goiás, as its economic viability in an industry located in the municipality of Uruaçu - GO. It was bibliographic research was carried out, in addition to gathering data on production and harvest from the National Supply Company (Conab) and data on cultivated area, productivity, production and gross revenue from sugarcane in northern Goiás from 2010 to 2019 with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The expansion of the sugarcane crop from 2010 to 2019 in the North Goiano mesoregion is quite expressive with an increase of approximately 57.06, 57.80, 57.83 and 70.59% in the planted area, productivity, production, and gross revenue, respectively. The sugarcane industry generated on employment and income, they did not observe significant on the environment, health, and education. The socioeconomic and environmental impacts in general caused by the sugar and alcohol sector in the North of Goiás can be considered of medium or high relevance, mainly because the industry located in this region still presents little investments to minimize these impacts, focusing its investments (60%) basically on mechanized operations and materials consumed