O ensino e o aprendizado da ética no contexto capitalista contemporâneo segundo a perspectiva da teoria histórico-cultural

Abstract

The present dissertation deals with the difficulties of constituting an ethical subject nowadays. Through a multidisciplinary bibliographic research, based on concepts related to philosophy and education, it was possible to identify several problems in the teaching and learning of Ethics by subjects who are inserted in contemporary western society. However, despite the obstacles found, the research also highlights the importance of the school in this human constitutive process. Supported by cultural-historical theory, the teachings of Vygotsky and his followers made it possible to sew a line of reasoning that links education, ethics, and culture. In this sense, it is possible to establish that the system of values and cultural principles of a society are, at the same time, influenced and influential in the ethical formation of each individual. This dynamic works as a constitutive system of the subject, which internalizes moral values and social rules as contact with them occurs through other subjects. The conclusions of the work demonstrate that the formation of ethical thinking is closely linked to the environment in which the individual is inserted. The constitution of reasoning in ethical terms permeates a complex process, where ideas of collectivity and humanity are essential. However, within the contemporary perspective, the prevailing principles, values and rationalization distort the ethical way of thinking. The subject's perspective changes, starting from individualistic assumptions to the detriment of a collective rationality. In this context, the school (as an institution) has an essential role as an instrument for transforming this reality