Representações sociais de alunos e professores sobre a formação moral dos jovens na contemporaneidade

Abstract

This research aims to identify the social representations of students and teachers about the moral formation of young people today. To achieve our goals, we carried out a theoretical review articulating Serge Moscovici theory on Social Representations with Ernst Tugendhat theoretical studies on moral justification and an empirical study on social representations of moral formation in two social groups composed of students and High School teachers in the Public Education Network. We focus on issues such as ethics and morals, young people and contemporaneity, young people and their moral formation in contemporary society, moral formation and their relationship with the educational context, among other topics that were also addressed and considered of great interest to this research is for the educational area or at least are part of their concerns. Thus, the research took place in a state institution that includes high school, in the city of Goiânia, in the state of Goiás. The research is characterized as a qualitative study based on interviews conducted through open questionnaires, developed with 19 teachers who, by inclusion criteria, teach classes in the 2nd grade of high school and 10 students who, also, by inclusion criteria, were enrolled in that grade. For the theoretical and methodological contribution, Serge Moscovici's Theory of Social Representations (1978, 2012) was used and for the understanding of the justification of morality, the theoretical studies of Ernst Tugendhat (2012) were used. For the analysis of the information, the analysis of the content of the speeches was used. This methodological procedure enabled the knowledge of experiences anchored in their daily lives, the understanding of the construction processes of realities, shared ideas and different perspectives on the same issue, in addition to the ways in which they collectively elaborate their representations. To carry out this analysis of discursive contents, the interviews were transcribed and submitted to the IRAMUTEC software, which classified the participants' speeches into two categories of categories: a category class for the group of teachers and another class for the group of students. From the qualitative analysis of the categories, the results essentially demonstrate the social representations of each researched group about the moral formation of young people in contemporary times. In this case, two bodies were used, one for the teacher group class and the other for the group class of students. Evidencing common elements in the central core of the Social Representations of the two groups, they do not represent two entirely identical social representations or the same representation in two groups. Still in relation to the results, the research elucidates that for the group of students, morality is predominantly linked to reciprocity, where the contextual elements in which morality is used in the speeches lead us to a mutual, autonomous and reciprocal value. As for the group of professors, the contextual elements of the speeches lead us to a moral imbued with an authoritarian justification, which demonstrates conservatism, where, in a verticality, authority is considered by the individual as something decisive for constituting morality in itself and on the other. The themes were discussed seeking to clarify the objectives raised in the research, however we know that we would not respond in a master's thesis to so many questions pertaining to this theme that still lacks research, especially in dialogue with the educational area