A problemática do descarte do resíduo eletroeletrônico em Goiânia

Abstract

The theme of this research came from the need to understand why the disposal of electronic waste has become a problem for the city of Goiânia and, in an attempt to understand the causes of this situation, questions arose, such as: why this type of disposal has become a problem? One of the root causes is the phenomenon of programmed obsolescence, used since the 20th century to accelerate the useful life of goods and, consequently, their disposal, thus affecting the economic life of consumers, who are forced to buy more and more. The National Solid Waste Policy, created in 2010, if it had been effectively applied, could be the solution to this problem, as it contemplates, in its article 33, logistics aimed at these products, which could have been implemented many years ago. As the components of the electronic products contain toxic residues and minerals of high value, if disposed incorrectly they can be dangerous to the environment and to human health; if the opposite happens, they can generate employment, taxes, raw materials and save energy. With all this in view, it was investigated what would be the destination given to this type of waste, since there is a law that regulates its disposal, a municipal public agency responsible for the management of solid waste, as well as a selective collection program and others, such as the Municipal Environment Agency (AMMA). In other words, the intention here is to identify the strategies used by the municipality of Goiânia to resolve this situation of disrespect for the law. As for the methodology, we proceeded to the state of the art on the subject, through books, articles, dissertations, theses and documents, such as the National Solid Waste Policy and the Selective Collection Plan of Goiânia. Thus characterizing this study as bibliographic and exploratory-descriptive, which research object is a crucial and underexplored subject: electrical and electronic waste. This investigation is also characterized as a case study and visits were made to the places where this type of disposal takes place, such as a sanitary landfill, companies that operate in this field and a cooperative of recyclable materials. Having recorded this way images and questions asked to those responsible, which were developed and applied. The newest structure related to the subject is the reverse logistics center of the municipality, inaugurated at the end of 2021. This work was carried out with the main objective of understanding why the disposal of this type of waste has become a problem and several factors and people that might explain it. Among them, the municipal public power, which in fact never created a policy directed to the subject that encompassed all those involved, especially the formal educational structure of the city, at the municipal, state and private levels, in addition to investment in advertising through the media.