Fatores associados ao estresse ocupacional em profissional de enfermagem na linha de frente da Covid 19

Abstract

Introduction: Stress among health care workers is not new, but it can be intensified in situations of health care chaos caused by pandemics. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. Currently, its name is associated with the pandemic of a new coronavirus, called SARSCoV-2, the authorities, which causes COVID-19. Its history of involvement goes back to the last century; however, the emergence of a new pathological agent of high virulence in China has put all countries facing a global pandemic, with a high risk of occupational stress. It is up to this study to demonstrate the existing gaps regarding the occupational risk of COVID-19 and the sociodemographic profile of those infected that explains the exacerbated rate of contamination and stress in health care workers in this pandemic scenario. Objective: To analyze the association between occupational stress levels and the risk of infection with COVID-19 in nursing professionals from a medium-sized hospital in centralwestern Brazil. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study developed in a tertiary care institution, a reference in cardiology in the mid-western region of Brazil. The study population comprised the nursing team's professionals, consisting of approximately 166 collaborators. Two data collection instruments were used (Bianchi Scale of Stress and Risk Assessment and Exposure Management of Health Professionals in the context of COVID-19) and a sociodemographic, profissiographic, and clinical identification form. Results: It was evidenced that the professionals were subject to a high risk of infection and contamination. However, there was no significant difference in the association of risk of infection to COVID-19 with the profissiographic profile. The male gender presented a significantly higher mean concerning Personnel Management and Working Conditions for the nursing team, according to EBS. The younger the age, the worse the relationship with other units/supervisors (22% / p = 0.02), the longer the training time, the worse the working condition for the nursing team (23% / p = 0.02). And the longer the time of institution, the worse the unit's proper functioning (24% / p = 0.02). It can be inferred that the lower the level of education, the break during work, and the low risk of infection generate greater stress. About 61% of the professionals presented a low level of stress, and 31% a medium level of stress. Conclusion: The high risk of infection and contamination and the low level of stress evidenced in the research may be associated with hospital accreditation, with well-defined routines, flows, and protocols, which may increase the level of confidence of these professionals and lead to a decrease in stress in their daily activities