Síndrome respiratória aguda grave por Covid-19 em gestantes e puérperas

Abstract

Pregnant and postpartum women were not considered risk groups for worsening COVID-19 in the initial studies. However, with the increase of more researches being carried out in several countries, this group started to be recognized with potential risk for hospitalization in intensive care unit and death. Objective: To describe the cases and deaths of severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women in the 2020-2021 biennium in Goiás. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out from secondary data, from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Records from the databases of the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System, the Information System the National Immunization Program and the Mortality Information System. Microsoft Excel 2016 program was used to process the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables studied and a descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the affected obstetric population. Linear trend analysis was developed to describe the distribution and propensity of cases and deaths from severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 in the obstetric population in the State of Goiás. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, under Opinion number 5.338.744 and Leide das Neves Ethics Committee under number 5.403.608. Result: The second year of the pandemic presented a worse epidemiological scenario for the obstetric population. Cases were frequent in the age group from 20 to 34 years old, mixed race, living in urban areas and with complete secondary education. The third trimester was the most affected, although the proportion of deaths was higher in puerperal women. The most frequent symptoms were cough and respiratory symptoms. The comorbidities that stood out were Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and obesity. The proportion of deaths was higher in the obstetric population assisted in the private network. The need for an intensive care unit, ventilatory support and the lethality of the obstetric population increased in relation to the first year of the pandemic. Among pregnant and postpartum women reported with severe cases, 2% in 2020 and 4.4% in 2021 were not admitted to the intensive care unit. Among the deaths, 95% had no record of vaccines against COVID-19. After the introduction of the vaccine against COVID-19, there was a reduction in the number of cases and deaths. The number of maternal deaths from COVID-19 was not the same among the Ministry of Health banks. Knowledge of the behavior of cases and deaths and the identification of the most affected profile allow the government to plan and monitor diseases, which results in more assertive actions