O ENSINO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: TENDÊNCIAS METODOLÓGICAS E A SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE COM ENFOQUE NAS MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO E CONTROLE DE INFECÇÕES.

Abstract

This is a qualitative study, descriptive and exploratory, documentary analysis type developed in order to analyze the methodological trends and education measures for the prevention and control of infections for patient safety in undergraduate courses in Nursing. Six higher education institutions that offer undergraduate course in Nursing in classroom mode participated. The data were collected from the six Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) and 273 discipline plans of the six courses, and allowed the overview of the curriculum and teaching methodologies adopted. In five courses, the curriculum matrices are organized by subject, and a course adopts integrated curriculum with units and themes. Despite efforts of undergraduate courses for the adoption of innovative and advanced methods of teaching, some points of the teaching-learning process require changes. The assessment of learning was predominantly punctual in most undergraduate courses, contradicting the adoption of critical-reflexive methods specified in PPP. In addition, inconsistencies were found in some discipline plans because the objectives and the menus had no connection between them. It was observed discipline plans identical to previous semesters and to the other courses offered in the educational institutions. Another finding refers to the large number of subjects taught by the same teacher, who in one of the courses, a teacher teaches up to nine subjects. It is assumed that the high number of courses taught by each teacher, results in insufficient time for planning the teaching process that includes all measures of standard precaution, necessary for learning and competent professional practice. The results for Patient Safety show that because it is a recent issue, this issue is addressed in a few disciplines of undergraduate programs in nursing. The contents such as communication, interpersonal relationships, teamwork, understanding the organizational complexity and the teaching of prevention and control of infections, should be strengthened, transversely during graduation so that the nursing student develops skills needed for safe care. The teaching of the measures of prevention and control of infection does not appear explicitly in the PPP, only some of which discipline plans. The using and the handling of Personal Protective Equipment was a measure that appeared more frequently (46,2%), followed by hand hygiene (38,5%), cleaning and disinfecting equipment and surfaces (30,8%), disposal of sharps (20,5%). The measure less addressed in the courses was the processing of health products (15,4%). The adoption of criticalreflective methodologies for the teaching of prevention and infection control measures requires encouragement of HEI (Higher Education Institution) for teaching qualification, curriculum revision, review of PPP and discipline plans and student effort, considering that any nursing activity involves patient safety.