Distribuição Espacial de Óbitos Infantis no Município de Goiânia, Goiás, no Periodo 2012 - 2013

Abstract

For a long time the child was seen as a miniature adult. Therefore, I was not specifically targeted studies of their health or even their death. Currently, infant deaths are understood as indicators of quality of life outcomes of a population, because they show that deaths could be prevented. The aim of this study was to identify spatial distribution patterns of infant deaths in the components neonatal and post-neonatal mortality from preventable causes and from all causes in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, in the 2012 period to 2013. It is a study the ecological type, accomplished through spatial analysis techniques of infant deaths of children under one year living in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 2012 and 2013. Secondary data were collected through the Information System on Mortality . The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and the Brazilian List of Deaths Preventable Causes of interventions by the Unified Health System in Brazil have been used for the classification of preventable deaths. Deaths were geocoded by the mother's home address using as reference the Map Goiania Urban. For the analysis of the density of instances (Kernel) was used Spatial Analyst / ArcGIS software, taking into account the distribution of points to describe the spatial distribution and density in the instances site and period studied. 517 infant deaths were reported (<one year old) between 2012 and 2013. In 2012 were 271 deaths (CMI = 12.7) and in 2013, 246 infant deaths (CMI = 11.2) in the city of Goiania. Of all deaths, according to the components of infant mortality, 50.9% were early neonatal (CMI = 6.1), 20.5% late neonatal (CMI = 2.4) and 28.6% post-neonatal (CMI = 3.1). Of the total deaths, 64.8% occurred from preventable causes, 32.9% by non preventable causes and 2.3% from ill-defined causes. The spatial analysis techniques showed a non-random pattern of distribution of deaths. The Kernel analysis identified three areas of high risk for infant deaths from all causes, (North West, Southwest and South), and two areas of high risk for infant deaths from preventable causes (Northwest and Southwest). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the heterogeneity in the distribution of infant deaths occurred in Goiania during the study period, mainly related to existing socio-economic inequalities between the regions of the county. These results support the evaluation and planning of health services.