Conhecimento de primíparas para o autocuidado no período puerperal.

Abstract

Introduction: Women's health care offered in the puerperal pregnancy period comprises a set of integrated and harmonic actions aimed at providing healthy development for both mother and child. Objective: to analyze the knowledge of primiparous for self-care and care of the newborn in the puerperal period in hospital and home. Objective: to analyze the knowledge of primiparous for self-care and care of the newborn in the puerperal period in hospital and home. Methods: This is an exploratory, longitudinal, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, from January to June 2016. The scenario was a reference maternity for usual risk delivery in the municipality of Anápolis-Go. The data were collected in two moments, first in the hospital setting and the second, ten days after discharge, in a place indicated by the puerperal woman, in both occasions, performing a semi-structured interview. The first corpus gathered the narratives obtained in the hospital environment, and the second all the content obtained in the home environment. For the data analysis, the Bardin content analysis technique was used. Results: The average age of the participants is 22 years, minimum 18 years and maximum 33 years, most of them have completed high school in public schools and live with their partners. Established two thematic categories, hospital environment and home environment, respectively with two and three subcategories. In the hospital setting, the first subcategory was identified as birth and birth experiences, containing the themes of perception and first contact with the baby; In the second subcategory, called ALCON experiences, four contents appear, namely, puerperal sensations, baby care, perspectives related to the support network, and guidelines at hospital discharge. In the home environment category, the three subcategories are the first week at home, demands of the baby, subdivided into two approaches, physical care and breastfeeding, and the last, self care of the puerpera. In the study, the influence of the support network appears in a significant way. The participation of the family stands out, essentially, by the imposition of norms and rules of behavior acquired from common sense. The majority of puerperal mothers presented engagement and involvement to promote self-care and care for the child. Likewise, there was a lack of knowledge or disabilities for the actions needed during this period, which compromised the self-confidence essential to the performance of self-care and child care. Final Considerations: The study allowed to know, although in part, the reality of the knowledge of a parcel of primiparous about care in the puerperal period. It was observed a deficiency in the knowledge related to the integral care of the puerperas, as well as the existence of a strong influence of the common sense in this period. It can be said that the majority of the puerperas presented an engagement and involvement for the promotion of the self-care and care with the child, what relativizes, in some way, its daily doing.