Fatores relacionados à síndrome de Burnout na pandemia covid-19 em profissionais da saúde no contexto hospitalar: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Health professionals face complex occupational challenges in the process of caring for people with COVID-19 and are vulnerable to the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome, which comes from the perception that the work environment is harmful to their physical and mental health, showing signs of exhaustion. emotional distress, depersonalization and reduced professional productivity. The objective of this study was to map the scientific literature about the factors related to the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in health professionals who work in hospital care for patients with COVID-19. This is a scope review conducted according to the methodological assumptions of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The systematic search was implemented in the electronic databases: MEDLINE via PUBMED, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, CINAHL and Scopus via CAPES Periodicals; and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). As for the eligibility criterion, articles dealing with factors related to the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in health professionals in the hospital care of COVID-19 patients were considered. 7,199 articles were identified. When exporting to EndNote software, 3,518 publications were disregarded due to unavailability for access and for export. Thus, 3,681 articles identified in the databases were exported to the Endnote software. For the extraction process, the relevant data were inserted in a table, contemplating the characteristics of scientific productions such as title, reference, year, country, objectives, method, participants and factors associated with Burnout Syndrome. After excluding duplicate publications and articles that did not address the context of the study, 39 articles made up the final sample. 79.5% of the publications are from the year 2021. Publications developed in Asian countries (41.0%), studies analyzing the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in the Intensive Care Unit (15.0%) and the Maslach Burnout Scale prevailed Inventory was the most used (76.92%). The main factors related to the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in health professionals in the hospital context, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were: 1) work overload; 2) Dissatisfaction with work; 3) insufficient conditions for operationalization of the work; 4) and the repercussions of the pandemic on personal life. These factors are related to work overload, work stress, exposure to the virus, fear of contaminating with the virus and transmitting it to family members, lack of psychological support and working multiple shifts and overtime. In addition to identifying the factors that trigger Burnout, this research sought to point out the implications for reality as preventive measures, focusing on the promotion of psychological well-being to improve working conditions, such as adequate working hours, education, training and encouraging communication. The studies contributed to directing the planning of actions to encourage health care for health workers who face daily overload in pandemic contexts